Einsteinium

252

About Einsteinium

Einsteinium, a transuranic actinide, is one of many elements to be identified by a team led by Albert Ghiorso. It was discovered among debris that was swept up with the fallout from Ivy Mike, the first successful hydrogen bomb test, in 1952. Due to the Cold War, its discovery was kept secret until 1955. The name einsteinium was chosen to honor Albert Einstein. Today, the most common isotope of the element, einsteinium-253, is synthesized in a few dedicated high power nuclear reactors from the decay of californium-253, while other isotopes are produced in small amounts by bombarding heavy actinides with light ions. The most stable isotope of the element, einsteinium-252, has proven difficult to produce in significant quantities, which has hampered study of einsteinium's physical properties, though it is know to be a soft, silvery, paramagnetic metal. The high radioactivity of einsteinium-253 produces a visible glow.

As the most easily produced isotope of einsteinium is very unstable, commercial uses for the element have not been developed. Einsteinium is therefore used exclusively in research contexts, primarily in the production of other transuranium elements. Notably, the element mendelevium was first synthesized using einsteinium.

Einsteinium Properties

Einsteinium Bohr Model Einsteinium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 7 element. The number of electrons in each of einsteinium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Rn] 5f¹¹ 7s². The einsteinium atom has a radius of 186.pm. In its elemental form, einsteinium's CAS number is 7429-92-7. Einsteinium was discovered at the Lawrence Berkeley Natinal Laboratory in 1952 and named in honor of Albert Einstein. Einsteinium was the seventh transuranic element of the actinide series to be discovered.

Einsteinium information, including technical data, safety data and its properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

General Properties

Symbol:	Es
Atomic Number:	99
Atomic Weight:	252
Element Category:	Actinide
Group, Period, Block:	n/a, 7, f
Color:	unknown (presumably metallic/ silvery white/ gray)
Other Names:	Einstenio, Einstânio

Physical Properties

Melting Point:	860 °C, 1580 °F, 1133.15 K
Boiling Point:	N/A
Density:	8.84 g/cm³
Liquid Density @ Melting Point:	N/A
Density @ 20°C:	8.84 g/cm³
Density of Solid:	13500 kg·m³
Specific Heat:	N/A
Superconductivity Temperature:	N/A
Triple Point:	N/A
Critical Point:	N/A
Heat of Fusion (kJ·mol^-1):	N/A
Heat of Vaporization (kJ·mol^-1):	N/A
Heat of Atomization (kJ·mol^-1):	150
Thermal Conductivity:	N/A
Thermal Expansion:	N/A
Electrical Resistivity:	N/A
Tensile Strength:	N/A
Molar Heat Capacity:	N/A
Young's Modulus:	N/A
Shear Modulus:	N/A
Bulk Modulus:	N/A
Poisson Ratio:	N/A
Mohs Hardness:	N/A
Vickers Hardness:	N/A
Brinell Hardness:	N/A
Speed of Sound:	N/A
Pauling Electronegativity:	1.3
Sanderson Electronegativity:	N/A
Allred Rochow Electronegativity:	1.2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity:	N/A
Allen Electronegativity:	N/A
Pauling Electropositivity:	2.7
Reflectivity (%):	N/A
Refractive Index:	N/A

Chemical Properties

Electrons:	99
Protons:	99
Neutrons:	153
Electron Configuration:	[Rn] 5f¹¹ 7s²
Atomic Radius:	pm (estimated)
Atomic Radius, non-bonded (Å):	2.45
Covalent Radius:	pm (estimated)
Covalent Radius (Å):	1.65
Van der Waals Radius:	N/A
Oxidation States:	2, 3, 4
Phase:	Solid
Crystal Structure:	face-centered cubic
Magnetic Ordering:	paramagnetic
Electron Affinity (kJ·mol^-1)	Unknown
1^st Ionization Energy:	619 kJ·mol^-1 (estimated)
2^nd Ionization Energy:	N/A
3^rd Ionization Energy:	N/A

Identifiers

CAS Number:	7429-92-7
EC Number:	N/A
MDL Number:	N/A
Beilstein Number:	N/A
SMILES Identifier:	[Es]
InChI Identifier:	InChI=1S/Es
InChI Key:	CKBRQZNRCSJHFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID:	23913
ChemSpider ID:	22356

Abundance

Earth - Total:	N/A
Mercury - Total:	N/A
Venus - Total:	N/A
Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by weight:	N/A
Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by atoms:	N/A
Earth - Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by weight:	N/A
Earth - Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by atoms:	N/A
Sun - Total, ppb by weight:	N/A
Sun - Total, ppb by atoms:	N/A
Stream, ppb by weight:	N/A
Stream, ppb by atoms:	N/A
Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by weight:	N/A
Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by atoms:	N/A
Typical Human Body, ppb by weight:	N/A
Typical Human Body, ppb by atom:	N/A
Universe, ppb by weight:	N/A
Universe, ppb by atom:	N/A

History

Discovered By:	Lawrence Berkeley Nat'l Laboratory
Discovery Date:	1952
First Isolation:	N/A

Einsteinium Isotopes

Einsteinium is an artificial element. It has no stable isotopes.

Nuclide	Isotopic Mass	Half-Life	Mode of Decay	Nuclear Spin	Magnetic Moment	Binding Energy (MeV)	Natural Abundance (% by atom)
²⁴⁰Es	240.06892(43)#	1# s	a to ²³⁶Bk	N/A	N/A	1795.465942	-
²⁴¹Es	241.06854(24)#	10(5) s	a to ²³⁷Bk	(3/2-)	N/A	1803.776978	-
²⁴²Es	242.06975(35)#	13.5(25) s	a to ²³⁸Bk; SF	N/A	N/A	1810.883057	-
²⁴³Es	243.06955(25)#	21(2) s	ß⁺ to ²⁴⁴Cf; a to ²⁴⁰Bk; SF	3/2-#	N/A	1819.017944	-
²⁴⁴Es	244.07088(20)#	37(4) s	ß⁺ to ²⁴³Cf; a to ²³⁹Bk	N/A	N/A	1825.843018	-
²⁴⁵Es	245.07132(22)#	1.1(1) min	ß⁺ to ²⁴⁴Cf; a to ²⁴⁰Bk	(3/2-)	N/A	1833.588989	-
²⁴⁶Es	246.07290(24)#	7.7(5) min	ß⁺ to ²⁴⁵Cf; a to ²⁴¹Bk; SF	4-#	N/A	1840.125977	-
²⁴⁷Es	247.07366(3)#	4.55(26) min	ß⁺ to ²⁴⁶Cf; a to ²⁴²Bk; SF	7/2+#	N/A	1847.560059	-
²⁴⁸Es	248.07547(6)#	27(5) min	ß⁺ to ²⁴⁷Cf; a to ²⁴³Bk; SF	2-#,0+#	N/A	1853.946045	-
²⁴⁹Es	249.07641(3)#	102.2(6) min	EC to ²⁴⁹Cf; a to ²⁴⁵Bk	7/2+	N/A	1861.135986	-
²⁵⁰Es	250.07861(11)#	8.6(1) h	EC to ²⁵⁰Cf; a to ²⁴⁶Bk	(6+)	N/A	1867.112061	-
²⁵¹Es	251.079992(7)	33(1) h	EC to ²⁵¹Cf; a to ²⁴⁷Bk	(3/2-)	N/A	1873.944824	-
²⁵²Es	252.08298(5)	471.7(19) d	EC to ²⁵²Cf; a to ²⁴⁸Bk; ß^- to ²⁵²Fm	(5-)	N/A	1879.232178	-
²⁵³Es	253.0848247(28)	20.47(3) d	a to ²⁴⁹Bk; SF	7/2+	4.1	1885.584229	-
²⁵⁴Es	254.088022(5)	275.7(5) d	EC to ^SFCf; a to ²⁵⁰Bk; ß^- to ²⁵⁴Fm	(7+)	N/A	1890.676636	-
²⁵⁵Es	255.090273(12)	39.8(12) d	ß^- to ²⁵⁶Fm	(7/2+)	N/A	1896.651733	-
²⁵⁶Es	256.09360(11)#	25.4(24) min	a to ²⁵¹Bk; ß^- to ²⁵⁵Fm; SF	(1+,0-)	N/A	1901.625977	-
²⁵⁷Es	257.09598(44)#	7.7(2) d	ß^- to ²⁵⁷Fm; a to ²⁵³Bk	7/2+#	N/A	1907.473999	-
²⁵⁸Es	258.09952(32)#	3# min	Unknown	N/A	N/A	N/A	-