Copper

63.546

About Copper

Copper is a soft, ductile, and highly conductive metal that has been used by human societies since antiquity. Gold and meteoric iron were the only metals in common use prior to copper’s discovery circa 9000 BCE. This early use was facilitated by the existence of native copper deposits, which could be worked cold due to the softness of the metal. However, native copper is not particularly common, and eventually the process smelting of copper from ore was developed, which in turn led to the accidental discovery of alloying.

Adding another metal to copper increases its hardness and makes it easier to cast, making the metal considerably more useful. This occurred initially through the smelting of copper ores that contained small amounts of other metals, often arsenic and silicon, to produce a natural bronze. Later, it was discovered that bronze could be produced intentionally by adding tin to copper melt. This advance occurred between 4500 BCE and 600 BCE in different regions of the world. Bronze production is now recognized to be such a key technological achievement that the period in any society between this discovery and the development of iron smelting is often referred to as the “Bronze Age”.

The introduction of bronze allowed for the protection of harder, more durable metal tools and weapons. Bronze was so essential to civilizations of this period that history was shaped by the trade of the relatively rare tin ore necessary for its production. Though copper was easier to come by, its sources were also significant to ancient societies, and in fact lead to the naming of the element. In the Roman empire, copper was most often mined on the island of Cyprus, and the modern name of the metal is derived from the latin cuprum, which itself was derived from cyprium, meaning “metal of Cyprus”.

Though for many uses, alloys have preferable properties to pure copper metal, architecture has made use of elemental copper since ancient times. The patina that the metal develops over time provides a natural coating that makes it extremely durable and low-maintenance, and its malleability lends it to being molded into desired shapes. Today, copper in architecture is most often seen in roofing, flashings, rain gutters, and downspouts.

Metals other than tin came into use for alloying with copper later in history, especially nickel and zinc. Brass, an alloy of zinc and copper, is more malleable than either individual metal, easier to cast and has excellent acoustic properties. Initially, brass was used in coins and for decorative purposes, while today it is used extensively in brass musical instruments, for plumbing and electrical applications, and in applications such as lock where low metal-on-metal friction is required. Cupronickel alloys, including ancient Chinese paktong and european nickel silver or German silver, were initially used in a variety of applications, and still find use in the production of coins, plumbing fixtures, and musical instruments. Copper is also found in some gold alloys and in sterling silver.

In addition to using copper and its alloys widely for tools, instruments, currency, and building materials, ancient societies took advantage of copper for its antimicrobial properties. Though the ancient Egyptians did not understand that the copper was preventing the growth of microscopic organisms, they did recognized that water stored in copper vessels went foul less frequently, and that wounds dressed with copper tended to heal better. Today copper is still used in this capacity in a variety of settings, most notably hospitals, where coatings of copper on frequently-touched surfaces helps to limit the spread of disease-causing organisms.

Current applications for copper make frequent use of one of its properties that was not of particular interest for most of our history: electrical conductivity. Copper can be easily drawn into wires, and is the preferred electrical conductor for most wiring applications--roughly half of all copper mined is used in this way. In addition to being highly conductive, copper has high tensile strength, low thermal expansion, and resists corrosion and creep, properties which together result in reliable circuitry. The high conductivity of copper also enhances the energy efficiency of electric motors. Copper is likewise found in electronic devices such as electromagnets, vacuum tubes, magnetrons, and microwaves. Heat sinks and heat exchangers in electronic devices also sometimes use copper, as it dissipates heat more quickly than the most common alternative, aluminum.

Copper compounds also have many notable uses. Copper oxides and carbonates are used in pigments and glassmaking, and copper sulfate can be used as an herbicide, fungicide, and pesticide, as well as a chemical reagent in organic synthesis. Several copper compounds are semiconductors, including copper (I) oxide, one of the materials in which many semiconductor applications were first investigated. Today, copper semiconductors mostly find use in thin film solar cells. Copper can also be a component of high-temperature superconductors, and copper is used frequently in organic synthesis as a catalyst.

Naturally-occurring metallic copper has at times played a significant role in commercial supply of the metal, but most copper is found in sulfide, carbonate, and oxide minerals. Copper sulfides are the major copper ore, and after separation from iron and other unwanted material, these are roasted to produce the oxide. Copper oxide is then converted to blister copper through heating, and further purified through electrorefining. Copper is also recyclable without any loss in quality, and is the third most recycled metal after iron and aluminum.

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Compounds

Metallic Forms

Alloys

Oxide Forms

Organometallics

Nanomaterials

Semiconductor & Optical

Sputtering Targets

Isotopes

Copper is used as a building material, a conductor of heat and electricity, and as a component of various metal alloys. Due to its high electrical conductivity, large amounts of copper are used by the electrical industry for wire. Since copper is resistant to corrosion caused by moisture, it is widely used in pipes, coins, and jewelry. Copper is too soft to be used alone in most applications, so it is instead incorporated in numerous alloys. For example, brass is a copper-zinc alloy, and bronze is a copper-tin alloy. Copper compounds have wide-ranging industrial applications. Copper sulfate (CuSO₄· H₂O), also known as blue vitrol, is the most well-known copper compound, used as an agricultural fungicide, an algicide, and as a pigment for inks. Cuprous chloride (CuCl) is a powder used to absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂). Copper cyanide (CuCN) is often used in electroplating applications. Copper is available as metallic and compound forms with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity). Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Copper nanoparticles and nanopowders are also available. Oxides are available in powder and dense pellet form for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Copper is also available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds can be manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.

Copper Properties

Copper is a Block D, Group 11, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of copper's shells is 2, 8, 18, 1 and its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹. Elemental Copper Copper Bohr Model The copper atom has a radius of 127.8 .pm and its Van der Waals radius is 140.pm. In its elemental form, CAS 7440-50-8, copper has a red-orange metallic luster appearance. Of all pure metals, only silver has a higher electrical conductivity. Copper was first discovered by Early Man. The origin of the word copper comes from the Latin word 'cuprium' which translates as "metal of Cyprus". Cyprus, a Mediterranean island, was known as an ancient source of mined copper.

General Properties

Symbol:	Cu
Atomic Number:	29
Atomic Weight:	63.546
Element Category:	transition metal
Group, Period, Block:	11, 4, d
Color:	orange-red
Other Names:	Cuprum, Cuivre, Kupfer, Cobre

Physical Properties

Melting Point:	1083.0 °C, 1981.4 °F, 1356.15 K
Boiling Point:	2567.0 °C, 4652.6 °F, 2840.15 K
Density:	8.96 g/cm³
Liquid Density @ Melting Point:	8.02 g·cm³
Density @ 20°C:	8.96 g/cm³
Density of Solid:	8920 kg·m³
Specific Heat:	0.092 Cal/g/K @ 25°C
Superconductivity Temperature:	N/A
Triple Point:	N/A
Critical Point:	N/A
Heat of Fusion (kJ·mol^-1):	13
Heat of Vaporization (kJ·mol^-1):	306.7
Heat of Atomization (kJ·mol^-1):	337.15
Thermal Conductivity:	401 W·m^-1·K^-1
Thermal Expansion:	(25 °C) 16.5 µm·m^-1·K^-1
Electrical Resistivity:	1.678 µΩ·cm @ 20°C
Tensile Strength:	N/A
Molar Heat Capacity:	24.440 J·mol^-1·K^-1
Young's Modulus:	110–128 GPa
Shear Modulus:	48 GPa
Bulk Modulus:	140 GPa
Poisson Ratio:	0.34
Mohs Hardness:	3
Vickers Hardness:	369 MPa
Brinell Hardness:	35 HB = 874 MPa
Speed of Sound:	(r.t.) (annealed) 3810 m·s,^-1
Pauling Electronegativity:	1.9
Sanderson Electronegativity:	1.98
Allred Rochow Electronegativity:	1.75
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity:	1.49 (s orbital)
Allen Electronegativity:	N/A
Pauling Electropositivity:	2.1
Reflectivity (%):	90
Refractive Index:	N/A

Chemical Properties

Electrons:	29
Protons:	29
Neutrons:	35
Electron Configuration:	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹
Atomic Radius:	128 pm
Atomic Radius, non-bonded (Å):	1.96
Covalent Radius:	132±4 pm
Covalent Radius (Å):	1.22
Van der Waals Radius:	140 pm
Oxidation States:	-2, +1, +2, +3, +4 (mildly basic oxide)
Phase:	Solid
Crystal Structure:	Cubic
Magnetic Ordering:	diamagnetic
Electron Affinity (kJ·mol^-1)	119.117
1^st Ionization Energy:	745.49 kJ·mol^-1
2^nd Ionization Energy:	1957.93 kJ·mol^-1
3^rd Ionization Energy:	3554.64 kJ·mol^-1

Identifiers

CAS Number:	7440-50-8
EC Number:	231-159-6
MDL Number:	MFCD00010965
Beilstein Number:	N/A
SMILES Identifier:	[Cu]
InChI Identifier:	InChI=1S/Cu
InChI Key:	RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID:	23978
ChemSpider ID:	22414

Abundance

Earth - Total:	31 ppm
Mercury - Total:	5.1 ppm
Venus - Total:	35 ppm
Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by weight:	3
Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by atoms:	0.29
Earth - Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by weight:	68000
Earth - Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by atoms:	22000
Sun - Total, ppb by weight:	700
Sun - Total, ppb by atoms:	10
Stream, ppb by weight:	6
Stream, ppb by atoms:	0.09
Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by weight:	110000
Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by atoms:	31000
Typical Human Body, ppb by weight:	1000
Typical Human Body, ppb by atom:	99
Universe, ppb by weight:	60
Universe, ppb by atom:	1

History

Discovered By:	N/A
Discovery Date:	Around 9000 BC
First Isolation:	N/A

Health, Safety & Transportation Information for Copper

Copper is an essential trace element in animals and plants, but in excess copper is toxic. Safety data for Copper and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the Products tab. The below information applies to elemental (metallic) Copper.

Safety Data
Signal Word	Danger
Hazard Statements	H228-H400
Hazard Codes	F
Risk Codes	11
Safety Precautions	16
RTECS Number	GL5325000
Transport Information	UN 3089 4.1/PG 2
WGK Germany	3
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling (GHS)

Review and Print SDS for Copper Metal

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SAFETY DATA SHEET

Date Created: 05/15/2015

Date Revised: 05/15/2015

SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION

Product Name: Copper Metal

Product Number: All applicable American Elements product codes, e.g. CU-M-02, CU-M-03, CU-M-04, CU-M-05, CU-M-06

CAS #: 7440-50-8

Relevant identified uses of the substance: Scientific research and development

Supplier details:
American Elements
1093 Broxton Ave. Suite 2000
Los Angeles, CA 90024
Tel: +1 310-208-0551
Fax: +1 310-208-0351

Emergency telephone number:
Domestic, North America +1 800-424-9300
International +1 703-527-3887

SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

Classification of the substance or mixture
Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
The substance is not classified as hazardous to health or the environment according to the CLP regulation.
Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC or Directive 1999/45/EC
Not applicable
Information concerning particular hazards for human and environment:
No information known.
Hazards not otherwise classified
No information known.
Label elements
Labelling according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
Not applicable
Hazard pictograms
Not applicable
Signal word
Not applicable
Hazard statements
Not applicable
WHMIS classification
Not controlled
Classification system
HMIS ratings (scale 0-4)
(Hazardous Materials Identification System)
HEALTH
FIRE
REACTIVITY
0
0
0
Health (acute effects) = 0
Flammability = 0
Physical Hazard = 0
Other hazards
Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT: Not applicable.
vPvB: Not applicable.

SECTION 3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

Chemical characterization: Substances
CAS# Description:
7440-50-8 Copper
Identification number(s):
EC number: 231-159-6

SECTION 4. FIRST AID MEASURES

Description of first aid measures
General information
No special measures required.
After inhalation
Seek medical treatment in case of complaints.
After skin contact
Generally the product does not irritate the skin.
After eye contact
Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. If symptoms persist, consult a doctor.
After swallowing
If symptoms persist consult doctor.
Information for doctor
Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
No further relevant information available.
Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No further relevant information available.

SECTION 5. FIREFIGHTING MEASURES

Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing agents
Special powder for metal fires. Do not use water.
For safety reasons unsuitable extinguishing agents
Water
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
If this product is involved in a fire, the following can be released:
Copper oxides
Advice for firefighters
Protective equipment:
No special measures required.

SECTION 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Not required.
Environmental precautions:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Do not allow product to reach sewage system or any water course.
Do not allow to penetrate the ground/soil.
Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:
Pick up mechanically.
Prevention of secondary hazards:
No special measures required.
Reference to other sections
See Section 7 for information on safe handling
See Section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.
See Section 13 for disposal information.

SECTION 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling
Precautions for safe handling
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.
Information about protection against explosions and fires:
No special measures required.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Storage
Requirements to be met by storerooms and receptacles:
No special requirements.
Information about storage in one common storage facility:
No information known.
Further information about storage conditions:
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.
Specific end use(s)
No further relevant information available.

SECTION 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION

Additional information about design of technical systems:
No further data; see section 7.
Control parameters
Components with limit values that require monitoring at the workplace: 7440-50-8 Copper (100.0%)
PEL (USA) Long-term value: 1* 0.1** mg/m³ as Cu *dusts and mists **fume
REL (USA) Long-term value: 1* 0.1** mg/m³ as Cu *dusts and mists **fume
TLV (USA) Long-term value: 1* 0.2** mg/m³ *dusts and mists; **fume; as Cu
EL (Canada) Long-term value: 1* 0.2** mg/m³ *dusts and mists; **fume
EV (Canada) Long-term value: 0.2* 1** mg/m³ as copper, *fume;**dust and mists
Additional information: No data
Exposure controls
Personal protective equipment
General protective and hygienic measures
The usual precautionary measures for handling chemicals should be followed.
Maintain an ergonomically appropriate working environment.
Breathing equipment: Not required.
Protection of hands: Not required.
Penetration time of glove material (in minutes)
Not determined
Eye protection: Safety glasses
Body protection: Protective work clothing.

SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Information on basic physical and chemical properties
General Information
Appearance:
Form: Solid in various forms
Color: Copper colored
Odor: Odorless
Odor threshold: Not determined.
pH-value: Not applicable.
Change in condition
Melting point/Melting range: 1083 °C (1981 °F)
Boiling point/Boiling range: 2562 °C (4644 °F)
Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined
Flammability (solid, gaseous): Not determined.
Ignition temperature: Not determined
Decomposition temperature: Not determined
Auto igniting: Not determined.
Danger of explosion: Not determined.
Explosion limits:
Lower: Not determined
Upper: Not determined
Vapor pressure at 20 °C (68 °F): 0 hPa
Density at 20 °C (68 °F): 8.94 g/cm³ (74.604 lbs/gal)
Relative density: Not determined.
Vapor density: Not applicable.
Evaporation rate: Not applicable.
Solubility in / Miscibility with Water: Insoluble
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not determined.
Viscosity:
dynamic: Not applicable.
kinematic: Not applicable.
Other information
No further relevant information available

SECTION 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

Reactivity
No information known.
Chemical stability
Stable under recommended storage conditions
Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:
Decomposition will not occur if used and stored according to specifications.
Possibility of hazardous reactions
No dangerous reactions known
Conditions to avoid
No further relevant information available.
Incompatible materials:
No information known.
Hazardous decomposition products:
Copper oxides

SECTION 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Information on toxicological effects
Acute toxicity:
The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains acute toxicity data for this substance.
LD/LC50 values that are relevant for classification:
Oral LD50 >5000 mg/kg (mouse)
Skin irritation or corrosion: No irritant effect.
Eye irritation or corrosion: No irritant effect.
Sensitization: No sensitizing effects known.
Germ cell mutagenicity: No effects known.
Carcinogenicity:
EPA-D: Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity: inadequate human and animal evidence of carcinogenicity or no data are available.
The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains tumorigenic and/or carc inogenic and/or neoplastic data for this substance.
Reproductive toxicity:
The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains reproductive data for this substance.
Specific target organ system toxicity - repeated exposure: No effects known.
Specific target organ system toxicity - single exposure: No effects known.
Aspiration hazard: No effects known.
Subacute to chronic toxicity: No effects known.
Additional toxicological information:
To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.
Carcinogenic categories
OSHA-Ca (Occupational Safety & Health Administration)
Substance is not listed.

SECTION 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Toxicity
Aquatic toxicity:
No further relevant information available.
Persistence and degradability
No further relevant information available.
Bioaccumulative potential
No further relevant information available.
Mobility in soil
No further relevant information available.
Additional ecological information:
General notes:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Do not allow undiluted product or large quantities to reach ground water, water course or sewage system.
Avoid transfer into the environment.
Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT: Not applicable.
vPvB: Not applicable.
Other adverse effects
No further relevant information available.

SECTION 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

Waste treatment methods
Recommendation
Consult state, local or national regulations to ensure proper disposal.
Uncleaned packagings:
Recommendation:
Disposal must be made according to official regulations.

SECTION 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

UN-Number
DOT, ADN, IMDG, IATA
Not applicable
UN proper shipping name
DOT, ADN, IMDG, IATA
Not applicable
Transport hazard class(es)
DOT, ADR, ADN, IMDG, IATA
Class
Not applicable
Packing group
DOT, IMDG, IATA
Not applicable
Environmental hazards:
Marine pollutant (IMDG):
Yes (PP)
Yes (P)
Special precautions for user
Not applicable.
Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL73/78 and the IBC Code
Not applicable.
Transport/Additional information:
DOT
Marine Pollutant (DOT):
No
UN "Model Regulation":
-

SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION

Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture
National regulations
All components of this product are listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical substance Inventory.
All components of this product are listed on the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL).
SARA Section 313 (specific toxic chemical listings)
7440-50-8 Copper
California Proposition 65
Prop 65 - Chemicals known to cause cancer
Substance is not listed.
Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity
Substance is not listed.
Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, female
Substance is not listed.
Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, male
Substance is not listed.
Information about limitation of use:
For use only by technically qualified individuals.
Other regulations, limitations and prohibitive regulations
Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) according to the REACH Regulations (EC) No. 1907/2006.
Substance is not listed.
The conditions of restrictions according to Article 67 and Annex XVII of the Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) for the manufacturing, placing on the market and use must be observed.
Substance is not listed.
Annex XIV of the REACH Regulations (requiring Authorisation for use)
Substance is not listed.
REACH - Pre-registered substances
Substance is listed.
Chemical safety assessment:
A Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out

16. OTHER INFORMATION

Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH). The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. American Elements shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale. COPYRIGHT 1997-2016 AMERICAN ELEMENTS. LICENSED GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.

Copper Isotopes

Copper has two stable isotopes, ⁶³Cu and ⁶⁵Cu.

Nuclide	Isotopic Mass	Half-Life	Mode of Decay	Nuclear Spin	Magnetic Moment	Binding Energy (MeV)	Natural Abundance (% by atom)
⁵²Cu	51.99718(28)#	N/A	p to ⁵¹Ni	(3+)#	N/A	390.35	-
⁵³Cu	52.98555(28)#	<300 ns	p to ⁵²Ni	(3/2-)#	N/A	409.61	-
⁵⁴Cu	53.97671(23)#	<75 ns	p to ⁵³Ni	(3+)#	N/A	426.07	-
⁵⁵Cu	54.96605(32)#	40# ms [>200 ns]	ß⁺ to ⁵⁵Ni; p to ⁵⁴Ni	3/2-#	N/A	443.46	-
⁵⁶Cu	55.95856(15)#	93(3) ms	ß⁺ to ⁵⁶Ni	(4+)	N/A	459	-
⁵⁷Cu	56.949211(17)	196.3(7) ms	ß⁺ to ⁵⁷Ni	3/2-	N/A	475.46	-
⁵⁸Cu	57.9445385(17)	3.204(7) s	ß⁺ to ⁵⁸Ni	1+	N/A	488.2	-
⁵⁹Cu	58.9394980(8)	81.5(5) s	EC to ⁵⁹Ni	3/2-	N/A	500.93	-
⁶⁰Cu	59.9373650(18)	23.7(4) min	EC to ⁶⁰Ni	2+	1.219	510.88	-
⁶¹Cu	60.9334578(11)	3.333(5) h	EC to ⁶¹Ni	3/2-	2.14	522.68	-
⁶²Cu	61.932584(4)	9.673(8) min	EC to ⁶²Ni	1+	-0.38	531.69	-
⁶³Cu	62.9295975(6)	STABLE	-	3/2-	2.2233	542.56	69.17
⁶⁴Cu	63.9297642(6)	12.700(2) h	EC to ⁶⁴Ni; ß^- to ⁶⁴Zn	1+	-0.217	550.64	-
⁶⁵Cu	64.9277895(7)	STABLE	-	3/2-	2.3817	560.59	30.83
⁶⁶Cu	65.9288688(7)	5.120(14) min	ß^- to ⁶⁶Zn	1+	-0.282	567.73	-
⁶⁷Cu	66.9277303(13)	61.83(12) h	ß^- to ⁶⁷Zn	3/2-	N/A	576.74	-
⁶⁸Cu	67.9296109(17)	31.1(15) s	ß^- to ⁶⁸Zn	1+	N/A	582.96	-
⁶⁹Cu	68.9294293(15)	2.85(15) min	ß^- to ⁶⁹Zn	3/2-	N/A	591.04	-
⁷⁰Cu	69.9323923(17)	44.5(2) s	ß^- to ⁷⁰Zn	(6-)	N/A	596.32	-
⁷¹Cu	70.9326768(16)	19.4(14) s	ß^- to ⁷¹Zn	(3/2-)	N/A	604.4	-
⁷²Cu	71.9358203(15)	6.6(1) s	ß^- to ⁷²Zn	(1+)	N/A	609.68	-
⁷³Cu	72.936675(4)	4.2(3) s	ß^- to ⁷³Zn; ß^- + n to ⁷²Zn	(3/2-)	N/A	616.83	-
⁷⁴Cu	73.939875(7)	1.594(10) s	ß^- to ⁷⁴Zn	(1+,3+)	N/A	622.11	-
⁷⁵Cu	74.94190(105)	1.224(3) s	ß^- to ⁷⁵Zn; ß^- + n to ⁷⁴Zn	(3/2-)#	N/A	628.33	-
⁷⁶Cu	75.945275(7)	641(6) ms	ß^- to ⁷⁶Zn; ß^- + n to ⁷⁵Zn	(3,5)	N/A	632.68	-
⁷⁷Cu	76.94785(43)#	469(8) ms	ß^- to ⁷⁷Zn	3/2-#	N/A	638.9	-
⁷⁸Cu	77.95196(43)#	342(11) ms	ß^- to ⁷⁸Zn	N/A	N/A	643.25	-
⁷⁹Cu	78.95456(54)#	188(25) ms	ß^- + n to ⁷⁸Zn; ß^- to ⁷⁹Zn	3/2-#	N/A	648.53	-
⁸⁰Cu	79.96087(64)#	100# ms [>300 ns]	ß^- to ⁸⁰Zn	N/A	N/A	651.02	-